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Fundamentals of Narrative Science


1. Narration means taking or Discussion.

2. There are only two types of Narration-

    1) Direct- Actual Discussion
    2) Indirect - Revised Discussion

3. Narration includes-
            
    a] Change in Tenses
    b] Change in Persons
    c] Change in Words

4. Change in Tenses ( Hv and Mod vb)
  
    Do/Does - Did 
    Is/am/are - Was/were
    Has/have - Had
    Has/Have been - Had been
    Did - Had 
    Was/were - Had been
    Will - Would 
    Shall - Should
    May- Might
    Must - Had to 

5. Change in Pronoun ( General Changing) 
 
     D: A said to B," _____ You ______".
    In: A told B that _____ he/she(B)___.

    D: A said to B,"______I_________".
   In: A told B," _____he/she(A)___.

    D: A said to me," ______ You/your_______".
   In: A told me that ___ I/My_____.

    D: A said to B," ______ We ________".
   In: A told B that ______They_______.

    D: I said to B," _______I _______".

6. Change in other words 
 
    Here - There
    Hence - Thence 
    Come - Go 
    Tomorrow - The next day 
    Yesterday - The previous Day 
    Last Night - The previous Night
    Ago- Before 
    Last week - The previous week 
    Now -Then 
    Just - Then 
    Today - That Day
    Tonight - That night 
    This - That
    These - Those
    Thus - So 

4. Assertives Rules

   - simple statement
   - Either positive or negative
   - A said,"________"
      A said that____.
   - A said to B,"____".
     A told B that ___".

5. Interrogative Rules

   - Question statements 
   - Either Single or Double
   - A said," Hv+Sb+Obj?"
     A asked whether/if Sb+Hv+Obj.
   - A said to B," Wh+Hv+Sb--?
     A asked B Wh+Sb+Hv-----? 
   - Only use "asked" as Reporting Vbs.

 

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