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Tenses: Key to understand

MAIN VERBS

a) Simple: Mv¹ or Mv²
b) Continuous: Mv¹ + ing 
c) Perfect: Mv³ 
d) Perfect Continuous: Mv¹ + ing 

HELPING VERBS 

a) Simple
     → Present: Do/Does 
     → Past: Did 
     → Future: Will/Shall

b) Continuous
       → Present: Is/am/are 
       →Past: Was/were 
       → Future: Will/Shall be 

c) Perfect
           → Present: Has/Have 
           → Past: Had 
           → Future: Will/shall have 

d) Present Perfect Continuous

            → Present: Has/have + been 
            → Past: Had + Been 
            → Future: Will/shall + have + Been.


FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURES 

P: Sb + Hv + Mv + Obj. 
N: Sb + Hv + not + Mv + Obj.
SI : Hv + Sb + Mv + Obj ?
DI: Wh + Hv + Sb + Mv + Obj ?

MEANINGS & HINDI SYMPTOMS 

Simple : काम होता है / था / होगा
Continuous: काम हो रहा है/ था/ होगा
Perfect: काम हो चुका है/ था / होगा 

FUNDAMENTAL RULES

1) Never use helping verbs with Simple Present.

2) Never use helping verb with simple past.


By S.K. Maurya (Syntatics)
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