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Tenses Passivization (Theory)

VOICE

→ Form of Verb 
→ Examines whether Sbj/Obj is Doer.

TYPES

→ Active (Av) = Focus on Sbj.
→ Passive (Pv) = Focus on Obj.

CYCLE OF VOICES 

                      Active Voice 
                              ↓ ↑
                     Passive Voice 

Av → Pv = Passivization
Pv → Av = Activization
FEATURES OF ACTIVE VOICE (Av)

1) Focus on Sbj.
2) Rules of Tenses.
3) Multiple use of Lexical Verbs.
4) Here, Subject does the action.
5) Here, Object receives the action.

Obtain Syntax would be 

= Sb + Hv + Mv + Obj.

FEATURES OF PASSIVE VOICE

1) Focus on Obj.
2) General use of "By".
3) Use of Mv³.
4) Passivated Helping Verbs (Hv).
5) Here, Obj does the action.
6) Here, Sbj receves action.

Obtain Syntax would be 

= Obj + Hv + Mv³ + By + Sbj.

HELPING VERBS (PASSIVIZATION)

1) Present 

     → Do/Does = Is/am/are 
     → Is/am/Are = Is/am/are + Being 
     → Has/Have = Has/Have + Been 

2) Past 

      → Did = Was/Were
      → Was/were = Was/were + Being 
      → Had = Had + Been 

3) Future 
    
       → Will/Shall = Will/Shall be 
       → Will/Shall have = Will/Shall have been


EXCEPTIONS 

1) Perfect Continuous is totally null in Pv.
2) Future Continuous doesn't exist in Pv.

TRICK TO REMEMBER 

1) Use "Being" in the case of Continuous.
2) Use of "Been" in perfect.

By S.K. Maurya (Syntatics)

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